![]() ![]() How has racial caste perpetuated in the form of mass incarceration, despite the achievements of the civil rights movement?.What are the most salient similarities between Jim Crow and mass incarceration?.The white farmers also moved to other urban cities to seek industrial jobs.Lesson 9: Parallels Between Mass Incarceration and Jim Crow Essential Questions The landowners started using new technologies like tractors and cotton pickers to increase their crop production with less farmers working in the fields. The blacks in Georgia left the place for many other reasons. The sharecropping system came to an end in the mid-twentieth century as farmers left for southern and northern cities. Very good profits were made in cotton if the production was good, but if the crop was bad due to unfavorable weather or other conditions, the price of cotton would drop considerably. ◉ There were also economic problems as landowners and farmers depended on the production of cotton. The continuous cotton production led to soil exhaustion due to no crop rotation. Sharecroppers were ordered by landowners to grow only cotton, as it was the most valuable crop. ◉ The system also created a one-crop economy. ◉ Children who also contributed to the farm work could not go to schools. ◉ The sharecroppers worked hard in the lands, but earned only a low standard of living, less money, and had no ownership of the land. The immense crop production required more irrigation, pesticides, and tools. ◉ During peak harvesting periods, the larger farm production owing to the land increase made it difficult for the landowner to take care of a large number of laborers. ◉ As there was no initial up-front payment, the landowner had to wait until the harvesting season for the payment by the sharecropper. Due to this, sharecroppers were forced out from the land and had to take care of their own living. ◉ Sometimes, when rains were insufficient or when the fields or crops were destroyed by pests, the amount of yield and money would be low. They had to think of a way in order to earn a living. Also, some did not agree with the rule and were forced out of their lands. The freed slaves were forced off their lands as they were not able to return the money which they had borrowed. The freed African-Americans and white farmers were told that they could either work under contract labor system with planters or would be thrown off from the land they had occupied. However, the freed slaves could hardly establish themselves as independent owners of land.Īfter the Civil War and when the slavery system came to an end, President Andrew Johnson ordered that all lands under the federal government would go to their previous owners. He issued a temporary plan of this grant. William Tecumseh Sherman, a General in the Union Army, had supported this promise made by the government by granting 40 acres of land to each freed family. A modified form of sharecropping system is still practiced on a small scale in the United States.ĭuring the Civil War, the federal government promised that they would give the freed people a certain amount of plantation land as a compensation for all their work during the slavery era. ![]() It basically took the place of the plantation system which existed before the Civil War. The sharecropping system became the primary farming system and a way of life for the farmers or tenants in the U.S. With this share or income, he pays the rent of the house and land to the landowner. The amount of crops that is shared by the sharecropper to the landowner is determined during the agreement with the landowner. It is a system where a tenant works and raises crops in a portion of the land that belongs to the landowner or planter, and the tenant receives a share of the harvest or the profit earned after the sale of the crops. It arose from the devastation following the Civil War and was a result of a do-or-die situation. The sharecropping system is an agricultural labor method that began in Georgia and the American South after the Civil War ended in 1865. By 1890, one in five white farmers and five of six black farmers were either tenants or sharecroppers. In the period between 18, the tenant farmers’ population increased from around 50,000 to 95,000. ![]()
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