In addition, biomethane allows to make use of biological waste which fosters the objectives outlined in the Circular Economy Action Plan. Biomethane as an equivalent substitute for natural gas enables the decarbonisation of methane gas supply. The Strategy also considers the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels (such as hydrogen, renewable gases and liquids) as a key prerequisite for deep decarbonisation, notably for sectors that are difficult to electrify directly (e.g., specific end uses in transport or industry). It sets energy efficiency at the core of a more circular energy system and foresees an electrification of end-uses where deemed possible and cost-efficient (as electricity may be decarbonised in a more cost-efficient manner than other energy carriers). The EU Strategy for Energy System Integration1 proposes concrete policy and legislative measures at EU level to gradually shape a new integrated energy system, aiming at the coordinated planning and operation of the energy system ‘as a whole’, across multiple energy carriers, infrastructures, and consumption sectors. This very segregated approach cannot deliver a climate-neutral economy in a cost-efficient way, and it is technically and economically inefficient. One of the obstacles to overcome is the fact that the current energy system is still built on several parallel, vertical energy value chains, where specific energy resources are rigidly linked with specific end-use sectors. In order to meet this target, a review of major EU Directives and Regulations is required. The EU Green Deal, as presented by the European Commission in late 2019, fixes the objective to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent, i.e., to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.
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